Steel Prices on the World Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Steel Prices on the World Market - Essay Example i) Number of Steel Plants (Over supply caused reduction in plants via bankruptcies, mergers and plant concentration) Increase of Supply can only be achieved by increasing production capacity via (i) more plants (slow process as lead time is many years due to cost, market entry barriers via government regulations, environmental regulations, investment capital requirement to finance installations, complex mechanics), or (ii) increase of productivity within the plants (possible to a certain extent only until capacity is maxed out, The question of steel Prices has moved into the center of attention of the economic world since they started skyrocketing over the last 2 to 3 years. As steel is at the core of a large number of products, increases in the base product have a tremendous effect on the prices of subsequent product and thus on several price indices. In the extreme, certain business areas can be largely effected by shortages and price increases, strongly influencing their overall profitability and ultimately, in certain cases, threatening their survival. In the following I would like to investigate some of the causes, effects and remedies of this phenomenon and will attempt to make some predictions as to its future development. So while both primary and fu... As steel is at the core of a large number of products, increases in the base product have a tremendous effect on the prices of subsequent product and thus on several price indices. In the extreme, certain business areas can be largely effected by shortages and price increases, strongly influencing their overall profitability and ultimately, in certain cases, threatening their survival. In the following I would like to investigate some of the causes, effects and remedies of this phenomenon and will attempt to make some predictions as to its future development. It is being reported that steel price is one of the major contributors to the overall increase in wholesale price index. A little analysis would put the thing in right perspective. Item Weight Index on 24.7.04 (Base:1993-94=100) % Growth over last year % Contribution to price rise All Commodities 100 186.2 7.5 Primary Articles 22.02 191.0 6.3 1.4 Fuel, Power, Lubricants etc 14.23 274.4 10.0 1.4 Manufactured Products 63.75 164.9 7.1 4.53 Iron & Steel 3.64 240.9 45.0 1.6 So while both primary and fuel have contributed 1.4 percent each to 7.5 percent increase in WPI indices during the last one year, the prices of manufactured products has led to a 4.53 percent growth in prices. And out of the manufactured product prices, the prices of iron and steel items have contributed 1.6 percent to the overall price rise. This implies that around 21 percent of the general price rise in the last one year has been accounted for by prices of iron and steel. Under any counts this is substantial and unprecedented. The direct linkage of domestic steel prices with international prices is frequently being cited as the

Hawthorne effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hawthorne effect - Essay Example n at Hawthorne, I would define the Hawthorne Effect as the confounding that occurs if experimenters fail to realize how the consequences of subjects performance affect what subjects do". In a Design industry environment consisting of around 150 draftsmen as workforce it was found that the productivity dropped suddenly in the recent six months’ time. Although the workers were given good wages and incentive packages, the productivity didn’t increase. In spite of repeated meetings and re-fixing of targets, there was no improvement in the productivity. The management was confused and tried to study the cause of the situation. After much thought, the Hawthorne studies were taken for experimenting with the situation. The entire workforce was working on a 5 day week, on a general shift of 8Â ½ hours a day, i.e. between 09:00 to 17:30 hours, including 30 minutes break for lunch. Each worker in the entire workforce of 150 draftsmen currently designed 5 AutoCAD drawings per day. The workforce was grouped into two – the formal group and the informal group. At first, both the groups were put on specific targets of 6 AutoCAD drawings per worker per day over a period of 12 weeks. The formal group was made to work on the existing timing. The informal group was given a rest break of 10 minutes twice in the day over a period of 4 weeks. Observations showed that the output of informal group went up. As the next step, the rest breaks for the informal group were lengthened to four 10 minutes rest breaks. The workers complained that the pace of their work was getting disturbed. As a result, their productivity decreased. Then, the rest breaks of informal group were returned to the two rest breaks, the first one with a supply of tea by the Company free of cost. As a result, the productivity increased. Then as the next step, the week was extended to six day working week for the informal group over a period of 4 weeks. The productivity decreased. Finally, the rest breaks

Operations and Business Strategy of McDonalds

Operations and Business Strategy of McDonalds INTRODUCTION: McDonald is a very popular fast food business which is operating all over the world. It started its operations in sixties and currently it is serving worldwide chain of 30,000 restaurants. McDonald restaurant has a quality that it serves its product according to the culture of that region where they are operating. Several artifacts of modern world has been very well organized as Macdonalds famous product, promotional plan with the famed toys and films, its participation in the aid organization and its dispersion classified adds. More than 75% of McDonald is owned and operated by local men and women. Its serves more than 40million people per day. It gets about 82% of its revenue from 8 different countries which include Japan, Korea, Australia, France, Germany and USA. But the biggest achievements got by McDonald in these countries is creating a good name and brand image in peoples mind and hygiene cautions are the main driving advantage it has which helps the Macdonald to attract many customers. They have created a corporate symbol and saturated advertisement has helped the Macdonald by creating a good brand name and image of logo in the millions of people mind. Overall McDonald planned plan is called plan to succeed. There focal point is not to be the biggest fast food chain in the world but the finest fast food chain. McDonald planned philosophy in the rear this plan is generates recovered experience through the finishing of multiple proposals immediate the five factor of incomparable customer understanding. (McDonald, 2009) A key element of the MacDonald strategy since the beginning has been to own all the property on which the MacDonald was built doesnt matter the property is franchised or company owned. Rental money differs from property to property but it has been estimated that McDonald generate more money from its rents of the property than the franchise fees it charges. The success of the MacDonald since its beginning can be attributed to the customers service it provides. Each restaurant wants to have a good brand image by giving quality food and good customers services. In both field McDonald has made its name as it is providing quality and cheap food together with quality service. It has come with a limited menu but with great improvements. Another invention was the introduction of the play area. MacDonald is continuing new inventions to facilitate the mass customization process. In 2001 McDonalds began standardizing its technology its existing point of sale system with the office system in more than 11,000 stores in the United States. The company is investing in a common point of sale which will be available to use all over the world in its branches. (typepad, 2009) McDonalds make possible the replace of value by matching the money paid by customers with quality and diversity of products and services resulting to the customer feeling of having acknowledged their moneys significance and even more than what they compensated for. McDonald objective the customer happiness by food preparation the penchant to formulate the customers feels satisfied about the cost exchange. McDonald is advice for the family or friends get-together as well. MCDONALDS VISION To be the best and leading fast food provider around the globe MISSION STATEMENT McDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, value, and cleanliness so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile OPERATIONS AND BUSINESS STRATEGY Business strategy is defined as it is a long term planning of a business with specific goals and target within a specific time with the available resources. It is a management plan constructed by the top level of management in order to make the business runs in profit. In McDonald the business strategy for the company is to make food fast available to its customers at a very low competitive price but to get profit as well by reducing the cost of the product and expanding the business world wide. Operations strategies play a very important role in achieving organizational goals. By using these strategies an organization controls and maintains all of its operations. So these should make after a comprehensive marketing analysis according to capabilities and resources of an organization. Operation management strategies in McDonald are being made by made by top management. These strategies are implemented in all the branches of the McDonald and these strategies are distributed to all its franchise branches in the written form. So there are operational managers in all the branches that control all operational activities. McDonald has adopted a strategy which is based on the three sections. This strategy has emphasizing on the customer importance and customers satisfaction. As the company has increased using the information technology, it has developed new ideas to improve the operational activities of the business. With the introduction of stock control data base system, it avoids unnecessary ordering; keep the stock up to date in store. It has become very easy and time saving now to order the stock. Stockrooms are directly attached to point of sale system and the manager knows what product is moving fast and how much he should order more products. (typepad, 2009) REDUCING COST WITH MORE EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT The challenge facing the global equipment suppliers when they design the fryers for our restaurants is to develop such kind of equipment that are more energy efficient and gives better taste while improving the crew efficiency and using less cooking oil. The low down oil quantity Fryer is the next age band fryer. LOV improves cooking efficiency, simplifies filtering and cleaning, and provide enhanced environmental benefits. The LOVs ground-breaking design allows restaurants to roast the same sum of produce with in the region of 40% smaller amount oil. It in addition uses more or less 4 % a lesser amount of liveliness than average fryers. (Gallagher, 2003) In McDonald lighting represent an important role in reducing the cost of its operations. McDonald uses fluorescent low consumption lighting in the kitchen. Tests revealed that each restaurant saves 11,000kWh of electricity each year. Packaging plays an important role of McDonald brand not only for quality, integrity and safety but also in its visibility to our customers. McDonald also use its cooking oil in its transport operation which has significantly reduces the cost of operation as well. Its not policy of McDonald to make its employee work efficiently but with limited resources but it provides everything to its staff they required to do the the job efficiently and according to health and safety methods. It helps the McDonald to get more productivity and get more revenue and improve its services. In order to achieve its business strategy goals, McDonald is emphasizing more and more on reducing its cost of operational activities. In order to reduce the cost McDonalds purchases most of the vegetables especially potatoes directly from farmers, this help the McDonald not even to cut the cost of chips production but also get fresh vegetable for salad for its customers. This also helps McDonald to not get effected by the fluctuations in the market prices. (typepad, 2009) Aside from offering hamburgers and fresh fries, McDonald has start serving the family treat and as a community centre for the senior citizen. It has also start giving indoor playgrounds and promotional toys to its kids as well. As this movement begins there is an addition of extra service-oriented equipment is desired. They can carry out studies and review to improve knows which among the different possibilities serves the companys target in good way. These will involve robots to do order tacking in replace of humans, automated processes of food in McDonald has (typepad, 2009) McDonald has a policy to be in the market as a market leader. In order to keep its leadership it keeps low cost and gets more income by selling food at cheap price. Food made with the help of machine is considered more hygienic; however the continuous development in the technology McDonald and especially its employees as they have to serve quick services. Computers and smart cashiers are used by the employees so that they would not get confused and they are provided with customized database management system. These all operational activities are conducted in all the branches of McDonald worldwide in order to successfully implement the business strategy of the McDonald. MCDONALD LAYOUT, PROCESS TYPE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGIES MCDONALD KITCHEN LAYOUT The strategy refers to the overall working and general environment offered by the McDonald. It includes the personal level, service and product layout, interior and exterior. McDonald has a policy to serve the fresh food to it customers in a minimum time and at the same time they want to get as many as possible customers to get the more income. The most important thing on which McDonald operational department concentrate is the customers satisfaction. Customers satisfaction can only be achieved if it serves the customers with a good quality food in a quickly with minimum price. In order to perform this whole process McDonald has a very specific type of layout. This layout gives an easy access to the staff to serves the customers in a quick way. At the till when a staff serves the customer, staff has a everything in its reach required by the customer. (Gallagher, 2003) McDonald keep maximum number of tills opens to serves the customers and each staff takes average one minute to serves the customer. The chairs are arranged in such a way that it gives a minimum disruption to the people who are standing in the queue. In the kitchen department McDonald has selected high efficiency fryers which take minimum time to fry the chips. Operations manager has assigned the task to different staff members according to their ability. McDonald get most of the things in ready to serve form from its main headquarter which decrease the cost of producing the food and it also help the McDonald to keep the quality same all over its stores. Staff in McDonald only has to put the food in oil and it gets ready to serve. It also helps the McDonald to save lot of storage cost. In order to keep the system runs smoothly McDonald always keeps good relation with the suppliers. Their supplier makes sure that they deliver the goods to McDonald in the minimum possible time. (Swearingen, 2003) STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF LAYOUT Proper layout enables: It makes the utilization of space, equipment and people more efficient. It enables the movements of information, materials and peoples more effective. It boosts the employee morale and helps to provide him safer working conditions. It helps to improve the customers relations with clients. Flexibility Layout design mean the overall working and general environment offered by the McDonald. It includes the personal level, service and product layout, interior and exterior etc. STRATEGIES: Exterior McDonald sets its premises in proper manner to handle any number of customers easily. The building design is standard world wide but it may be have some difference in size or in exterior according to the location. It enables them to save time, satisfy their customers, comfortable environment for both employees and customers. Ray Kroc was the first person in McDonalds history who took the initative to franchise the McDonald. He also maintain the McDonald outlooks, its signs and layout same every where in the world which has directly improved the sale of the company. As it has an attractive layout and eye catching sign boards. Interior: Interiors areset to be depoliticized. In addition to new restaurant lighting, menu boards, artwork and graphics, new materials will offer choice when it comes to decor selection. Technology perks include Wi-Fi, programmed music, and video. (typepad, 2009) MCDONALDS USE OF TECHNOLOGIES McDonalds has invested a huge amount of money on creating a technology board which has help the McDonald to adopt new and new technologies in its operations with time. The main job of this board is to recommend the management to buy those kind of equipment which are very effective in saving the energy as well as are more productive. In 2001 McDonald has start investing money in the improvements of point to sale ordering system and at the same time linking the point to sale system with the back office computer in all over the world. So this thing has helped the management to know what actually happening inside the business. What customer likes and what they dislikes. McDonald has invested capital in the improvement of electronic payment system as well which has make possible to process the transactions in less than 4 seconds. (swearingen, 2003) McDonald uses the best equipment to carry out the day to day operation in its outlet. MCDONALD EXPLOTATION OF VALUE CHAIN AND QUALITY PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Competition Restaurant industry is highly competitive industry. There are many small fast food businesses in the industry that fight each other to improve their customer base. McDonald is not exception to this. Since it establishment in 1940, MCD has excelled in this sector. Nevertheless to stay in the competition, it started with MCafe. This helped the company to stay in the business as a major fast food business. Another major step came out when McDonald started breakfast to compete with the existing businesses serving breakfast. Hence this industry is extremely competitive and the MDC should be up to date with customer taste and preferences. Quality is very important for McDonald in order to stay in the market but at the same time it has to keep the prices minimum to maintain the cost leadership. Ease of entry Although it is hard to enter in the restaurant business as it demand a lot of investment and it is hard to establish a distinct brand name as well. There is a cost of entry in the market and there is high research and development cost. Large established companies like McDonald perform compose it more easier said than done to enter and achieve something within the souk, new entrant find with the intention of they are facade with worth antagonism from offered string eating place. At the same McDonald working hard to maintain the quality same throughout the time. It is aware that if it compromise on its quality then it will make very much easier for the new entrant to attract the customers with better quality of its food products. Substitutes McDonald keeps a very close watch on its quality because it is aware that customers have many others substitutes of its food products. e.g MDC burgers, Beverages and dairy products. Strength of Suppliers The suppliers power in the fast food manufacturing is quite miniature unless the foremost feature of the item for consumption is not voluntarily on hand. Strength of Buyers Relatively strength of buyers in this industry is relatively low.(Ifm, 2009) PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS OF VALUE CHAIN The main objectives of these kinds of activities are to give the customer a level of value which is more than the cost of activities. This has enables the McDonald to gain more profits. The primary value chain activities are: Inbound Logistics Inbound logistics is the raw material McDonald received in its warehouse and then distribute it to different branches according to their requirements McDonald has an efficient warehousing and transporting goods to its branches. All the products are made in the warehousing and goods are distributed as per the requirement of each branch. Operations It is the activities which are being conducted in order to transform the inputs into finished products and services. McDonald has a very good operation system as it has trained staff for each task in the kitchen. Most of its product is already in the ready to serve form. All they have to put them in the ovens or in the oil and the product get ready to serve in the minimum possible time which normally takes from 1-5 minutes. Outbound Logistics Outbound logistics mean to keep the finished goods in warehouses and then distribute them to different branches. McDonald has a very well established transporting system. As all of its products are prepared at the warehouse, so in order to improve the distribution process it has applied the IT technology which inform the warehouse body that which branch is running out of the products, so before the products get finished it immediately make available the product to the branch. This process is very cost effective as branches do not need to have the stock room for the goods. Marketing Sale It is a complete science that McDonald use to market its products in order to generate more sales. Service All the extra activities which are provided to customers even after the sale of goods. The primary activities are supported by : Technology development Technologies helps the McDonald to access the activities done inside the business which are as follow: Cost advantage Keep a eye on the costs and minimizing it out of the value adding actions. According to the porters five forces analysis McDonald competes with the forces which are inside the business in order to gain the maximum profitability. So it proves that business profitability is took place in the porters five forces mode. (Ifm, 2009) Further there are Secondary support activities which directly supporting the operational activities of the business. HRM department make it possible for the business to get the energetic people to perform the operations. They always keep motivating the staff to work hard. The Management makes possible to select the technology which is cost effective together with the efficiency. CONCLUSION McDonald is a very well established organization. The success of the McDonald is completely based on the extensive research of the market internal and external forces. It has done research on the people behavior of specific country, on their culture, buying power and social issue. McDonald has paid special attention on the location of the business, its interior and exterior outlook and types of technologies it going to use to get the maximum production at short time. The most important thing which it focused on was the quality and the market forces which directly affect the business. REFERENCES Publications from McDonald web site. McDonald culture and history. 2009. [online]. [Accessed on 4 December 2009]. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.mcdonalds.com/usa/work/companyhistory.html. Publications from biz/ed web site. McDonald. 2009. [online]. [Accessed on 5 December 2009]. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.bized.co.uk/compfact/mcdonalds/mcindex.htm. Publications from typepad web site. McDonalds business Strategy. 2009. [Accessed on 5 December 2009]. Available from World Wide Web: http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/02/mcdonalds-business-strategy.html. GALLANGHER, S. 2003. McDonalds technology trials.[online]. [Accessed on 10 December 2009]. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Projects-Management/McDonalds-Technology-Trials/. SWEARINGEN, J. 2000. Operations Management, Layout Strategy. [online]. [Accessed on 11 December 2009]. Available from World Wide Web: http://online.uis.edu/spring2000/bus322/lectures/chap09/sld001.htm. Publications from Ifm website. Porters value chain. [online]. [Accessed on 23 December 2009]. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/dstools/paradigm/valuch.html. PAUL, J. 2005. International Business. New Delhi. 2nd Edition. Ashoke K Gosh. Publications from typepad web site. McDonalds business Strategy. 2009. [Accessed on 5 December 2009]. Available from World Wide Web: http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/02/strategic-business-analysis-of-mcdonalds.html

Superstition In Shakespeares The Tragedy of Julius Caesar Essay

Superstition In Shakespeares The Tragedy of Julius Caesar Superstition has been around almost since people first inhabited the earth. For this reason, it has played a main role in many classical pieces of literature. One of Shakespeare’s tragedies, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, is full of superstition and the supernatural. It contained so much superstition in order to foreshadow key events in the plot, to further develop characters, and to thrill and relate to the Elizabethan audience for whom the play was written. Foreshadowing was perhaps the main reason superstition was used in Julius Caesar. The supernatural provided hints to the reader about many important events to come. The most important event that was foreshadowed, without a doubt, was the death of Caesar himself by the hands of Brutus and the conspirators on the ides of March. When the soothsayer cries out â€Å"Beware the ides of march†(312; act1,sc2) he is truly laying the groundwork for the rest of the events leading up to Caesar’s assassination. Although Julius dismisses the soothsay with a simple â€Å"he is a dreamer, let us leave him. Pass.† (313; act1, sc2) the reader realizes that this date will prove important in the near future. To the audience, the prophecies are dramatic irony-when Caesar is warned about the ides of March, we already know what is going to happen to him. (Farrow) That one simple dialogue sets the stage for the rest of the plot to advance swiftly. One of the reasons why this warning may have gone unheeded is because most sooth-sayers were not well respected, though many turned out to be right. â€Å"Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings without fee, one can see quite easily why citizens would distrust their predictions†(Julius) One of the most graphic examples of Caesar’s death being foreshadowed was most definitely Calpurnia’s dream the night before Caesar is scheduled to go to the Senate. Caesar says â€Å"...she dreamt tonight she saw my statue, which, like a fountain with an hundred spouts, did run pure blood, and many lusty Romans came smiling and did bath their hands in it...†(341; act2, sc2). This very gruesome image is meant to hint at Caesar’s death. However, when Decius arrives at Caesar’s home, he tries to convince Caesar that he has misinterpre... ...sar is catarchic astrology, which determines whether a particular action or decision is suitable to a particular moment. Catarchic astrology is consulted quite often, especially when Caesar is choosing whether to go to the Senate House or not. It truly must have shocked the people of that era when Caesar went to the Capitol against all warnings, because â€Å"Elizabethans generally believed that prophecies were to be taken seriously, and certainly that no prudent statesman could run the risk of ignoring them† (Ribner 58). The people of the Elizabethan era were very proper, and to see someone, even if only a character in a play, break one of the laws of nature in which they so firmly believed, was quite astounding. Truly, Shakespeare wonderfully used superstition and the supernatural to create a masterful literary work. As Ribner said â€Å" We find Shakespeare approaching the matter of history with a surer hand, and out of it creating tragedy of a singular power† (Ribner 58). He accomplished his ultimate goal of using superstition to foreshadow important plot events, to delve deeper into character’s personalities, and to create excitement among the audiences of the Elizabethan era.

Analysis ofthe play “Spring Awakening” by Frank Wedekind Essay

Frank Wedekind’s play Spring Awakening represents an adult’s reflection on childhood, the repercussions of ignorance, and the consequence of inhibiting the spread of knowledge to those without it. Although very brief and lacking in extreme detail, this work has a profound aura; it leaves the reader with thoughts of how things could have resolved themselves better had key characters acted differently. It also gives a sense of the sanctity of youth and the dangers of growing up too fast. When we are forced to learn on our own, without the guidance of those who we desperately need it from, do we end up in irreversible positions that we never could have fathomed in the first place? This play gives definitive answers to all the questions surrounding the coming of age, the Spring Awakening. Looking at childhood (namely adolescence), from both an outside perspective and inside, reveals just how differently children and adults view the world. The children in this play see the world as full of discoveries that need to be made in order to grow up. In addition, they don’t necessarily want to find out all these things on their own. The guidance of the adult figures, e.g. teachers and parents, is sorely missed by the children in the story. When trying to learn where children come from, the character Wendla naturally turns to her mother. Rather than even attempt to answer her daughter’s question, Frau Bergman immediately succumbs to the awkwardness of the situation and delivers a short, circumventing monologue. It is an attempt to deter her daughter, not to enlighten her. It is apparent to the children that they cannot look to their parents for help, and so they must learn on their own. The teachers in the story are no better. Upon the suicide of one of the schoolboys, it is found that a certain one of his friends has supplied him with a complete manual of the human reproductive system. The reaction on the part of the schoolmasters and teachers is to expel the student immediately. A meeting between the student, Melchior, and the teachers reveals that the teachers have no interest in hearing what he has to say. The subject of human sexuality is simply too explicit to be discussed by non-adults, regardless of its level of accuracy on the part of the child. The final result is that even though he has done nothing wrong, indeed, he has figured  sex out for himself, Melchior is sent to a reformatory. It seems that the children are trapped in a cycle of ignorance and punishment. They are given no help by the ones they trust, and when they figure anything out on their own, they are chastised for being essentially â€Å"out of line.† Their only way to enlightenment lies in self-discovery and consequent punishment. However, the punishment some of them receive is simply too great for anyone of such an age. The harshest reality of the entire story lies in Wendla. After her mother’s failure to share any knowledge with her, she is raped by Melchior. However, she was told that she needed to love a man more deeply than she was capable of in order to have a child. She has no idea that she is with child, and once again her mother fails to help her. Her mother lies to her once more, this time insisting that she has anemia. Finally, though, when it no longer matters, her mother tells her that she is pregnant. Shortly after, Wendla is killed by a failed abortion. Her life was the price she had to pay in order to find the answer to the one question she wanted to know more than anything. By keeping her daughter in the dark, Frau Bergman has destroyed what should be most important to her. In addition, she has stolen the chance for Wendla to ever grow up. The process of growing, the sacrament of the naivete that only children posses, has completely ended for Wendla. That is something that can never be replaced, and it is also something for which one can never be forgiven. Knowledge is meant to be spread. Nobody is meant to be left ignorant of the world around them. This play shows that ignorance is the most powerful tool we have to aid in our own demise.

Huawei Suicide Scandals

Huawei Suicide Scandals Songyan Liang Harding University Abstract Nowadays, Huawei get worldwide people’s eyes since it become the second-largest integrated provider of telecommunications equipment in the world since 2009. It is hardly to make people to believe this is true. Although Huawei is successful, four suicide scandals drive people’s attention to wonder Huawei Company management. This article is focusing on Huawei cultural background: â€Å"wolf culture† and human resource management. Huawei Suicide ScandalsNowadays, Huawei get worldwide people’s eyes since it become the second-largest integrated provider of telecommunications equipment in the world since 2009(Economist, 2009). It was listed in the top of Intellectual Property Organization’s 2008 ranking for international Patent applications (Economist, 2009). It is hardly to make people to believe this is true. Although Huawei is successful, four suicide scandals drive people’s atten tion to wonder Huawei Company management. This article is focusing on Huawei cultural background: â€Å"wolf culture† and human resource management. Introduction Huawei Technologies Co. , Ltd. which was founded in 1987 in Shenzhen, ranked first in the 2011 top 500 Chinese private companies list in the November 8, 2011. In the famous American magazine â€Å"Fortune†, Huawei was listed in the 500 companies rankings in 2010 (Wiki, 2011). It headquarters in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, and it is an employee-owned private technology company which engages in the production and sales of telecommunications equipment. Furthermore, it is a telecommunications network solutions provider. Huawei's main businesses are exchange, transmission, wireless and data communications class telecommunications products (Wiki, 2011).In the field of telecommunications, it can provide worldwide customers network equipment, services and solutions. Since the president Ren founded Huawei in 1987, he p romoted an aggressive â€Å"wolf culture† throughout the company (Beijing Review, 2007). The â€Å"wolf culture† is a kind of struggle with a wild spirit. In the team, all employees should be greed to work. This culture can quote employee to fight and explore the endless future. Also, as a result of Ren is a veteran, he worships militarization management. He tries to cultivate employees’ never give up spirit and build an effective team.In order to consistently create maximum value for worldwide customers, Huawei focuses on customers’ marker challenges and needs by providing great ICT solutions and services (Huawei, 2011). Ethics Background Huawei keeps a promise that it will enrich customers’ lives as possible as it can through communication. Core values are very important for a successful company. For Huawei, customers first is the most important value. Huawei believes that its success is based on customers’ success. It continuously create core value for fulfill customers’ needs and requirements. The second core value is dedication.Through dedication, Huawei can get customers’ respect and trust. Continuous improvement is the third core value. It requires Huawei to become the best partners for worldwide customer, improve company and grow as individuals (Huawei, 2011). Fourth, openness and imitative. In order to fulfill customers’ needs, Huawei, keeping an open manner, passionately pursue customercnetric innovations. Fifth, Huawei insists that integrity is the most valuable asset for its success. It drives Huawei to be honest and keep promises. At the same time, integrity helps Huawei to win customers’ trust and respect. The last core value is teamwork.Without team, Huawei cannot success. The president Ren said that Huawei’s success is built on successful cross-cultural collaboration, streamlined inter-departmental cooperation and efficient process. Every year Huawei will recruit a lar ge number of graduates from colleges and universities. Most of them are lack of practical experience in software development. Therefore, Huawei develops a new training system for new employees in order to help graduates quickly adapt to the scale of software development. This training system is divided into four parts. First, process development training. Second, programming-based training.Third, business knowledge training. Fourth, positive defense training. Besides, Huawei establishes a series of IP certifications system. In the rapidly growing trend of All-IP convergence environment, increasing numbers of people are extensively applying IP technologies. In the globalization, IP technical competence is a basic factor to improve individual employment rate and personnel’s competence. In response to customers’ needs, Huawei developed the Huawei Certifications System to help employees to assess IP expertise and develop essential skills. It provides three kinds of career certification (Huawei, 2011).The first one is Huawei Certified Datacom Associate. The second one is Huawei Certified Datecom Professional. The last one is Huawei Certified Datecom Expert. Employees’ Suicide Scandal March 6th, 2008 at noon, a Huawei staff who worked in Shenzhen Huawei R base Sakata Department of the Central platform died after falling on the third floor cafeteria. Police announced that the jumping suicide employee had insanity disease before his death. 10 days before the suicide scandal, February 26th, Dongbing Li, who worked in Chengdu, jump from Huawei R center and died on the spot.At 17:30 on August 11, 2007, in Changchun City, a Huawei staff, Bin Zhao, who worked in Changchun office, jumped from the 7th floor in the League of Nations communities after about 20minutes phone conversation. July 18, 2007 afternoon, only 26years old Huawei employee, Yue Zhang, hanged himself in the corridor area in Shenzhen Melin communities. He just entered into Huawei for 60 days. Before his death, he told to his parents several times and complained that he suffered endless pressure and wanted to resign.From 2007 to 2008, as a result of four employees’ suicide in less than a year, Huawei had undoubtedly put himself in the predicament of staff stress management. Fifteen minutes after Dongbing Li’s death, Tianya forum posted a great deal of messages and photos to describe the scene. According to scene photos, some posters were Huawei employees. They carried out real-time updated on this matter. It provided on-site users the latest developments. Various QQ groups which related to media and IT industry expressed a high degree attention to it immediately.At the same time, some on-site users described various kinds of aspects of this matter when they were in the scene. Some people believed that this suicide was result from corporate culture; some argued that whether the suicide was worth or not. In the Tianya forum, more than 2,000 on-site users participated in this investigation. Most of user contended that the basically reason for suicide was Huawei’s â€Å"wolf culture†. Huawei, once again, was brought to the cusp of public opinion. The company spokesperson explained that the company would not temporarily comment whether this suicide was related to work stress or not.Suicide Analysis After Dongbing Li’s death, the company once again became the focus of public opinion. â€Å"Cruel†, â€Å"competitive†, â€Å"tremendous pressure†, â€Å"overtime†, â€Å"Human Resource Management†, â€Å"ethic issues† or similar words, became heated words in the IT industry. Huawei’s human resources model was the one of reasons for employees’ suicide (QQ News, 2008). According to an unnamed Huawei older employee explored, Huawei human resources management was outsourced a private company which was Human resource management (QQ News, 2008). If Huawei needed a new e mployee, it would contract with the human resources firstly.According to Huawei human resources needs, the Human Resources Company would provide relevant labor force to Huawei. This model was called dispatch. Therefore, Huawei’s employees were sent to Huawei Company to work by Human Resource Company. Huawei paid compensation to the Human Resources Company, so employees get the money from the Human Resource Company. Staffs had not a direct relationship to human resource management. The Human Resource Company was in charge of labor management. This model reduced Huawei human resources management costs and avoided the risk of the employment law.As a result of China’s labor sub-system still needs to sound, employees’ basic rights do not be protected. They face a series of issues, and they will lose their jobs at any time (QQ News, 2008). The same as the most Chinese company leaders, Huawei leaders would like to find the law loopholes and maximize the use these looph oles these law loopholes. In the China business world, the character of integrity is becoming unfamiliar gradually. Based on Huawei employees’ frequent non-normal deaths, Huawei president Ren acknowledged that they did not take some measures to prevent employees’ suicide.He worried that growing numbers of employees were suffering depression and anxiety. When coming to corporate responsibility, Huawei should be responsible for physical and psychological safety of employees because the company was staffs’ work place and it was the place where produce stress. Some companies did well in employees’ physical and psychological safety, such as Haier, Lenovo. They would provide psychological counseling to staffs and evaluated staffs. The psychological evaluation was used to check whether staffs suffered excessive pressure, mental illness or other issues.Another factor lead employees’ suicide was Huawei’s â€Å"wolf culture†. There is no denyin g that wolf culture is an advanced corporate culture. The wolf culture not only focuses on teamwork, but also is in process of the spirit of never give up and never abandon. Meanwhile, wolf culture has the courage to overcome difficulties. The wolf culture can be divided into two parts: external and internal. In addition to business can use wolf culture to deal with competitive pressure from external environment, the wolf culture play an essential role in the internal management (Baidu, 2011).For example, wolf culture emphasizes the collaborative and discipline. The wolf culture is a sharp-edged sword. Behind the wolf culture, wolf has a deep inherent nature of ruthless (Baidu, 2011). In order to achieve the purpose, people will any unscrupulous measures. It is easily lead companies and employees to lose their culture. The wolf culture highlights the extreme relationship and emphasis on competition among people (Baidu, 2011). In the enterprise’s internal management, it is eas y to form a strong rigid culture due to employees lose their humanity. The wolf culture can be the internal factor for Huawei employees’ suicide.Employees could not endure the high competition in the workplace. The wolf culture made employees produce the mutual suspicion and no trust sense. Between employees and employers and among employees, they hold an â€Å"evil nature of human† principle. Solution After a series of suicides scandals, Huawei realized that they should intervene human resource management. In order to deal with the external pressure, Huawei tried to reduce and eliminate the external inappropriate management and environmental factors. For example, Huawei organized some entertainment programs during weekend.Besides, Huawei tired to establish a psychological evaluation system to release staffs’ pressure. Summary Even though Huawei has become the second-largest integrated provider of telecommunications equipment in the world since 2009, four suicid e scandals did not change its Huawei human resource management and wolf culture. Huawei is quite different from other international enterprises. It was founded on the Chinese culture. Also, China law system is not as perfect as the Unite States. All of these factors lead employees to enter into the suicide road. Reference Baidu (2011), wolf culture, retrieved from: http://baike. aidu. com/view/155988. htm Beijing Review (2007), Tech Boss Slammed for Staff Layoffs. Vol. 50 Issue 46, p3-3, 2/3p, 1 Color Photograph Economist (2009), Up,up and Huawei, Vol. 392 Issue 8650, special section p13-15, 3p Huawei (2011), Vision ; Mission, Retrieved from: http://www. huawei. com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/vision-mission/index. htm QQ News (2008,Feb 27), Huawei: temporarily comment whether employees’ suicides related to work stress, Retrieved from: http://news. qq. com/a/20080227/001389. htm Wikipedia (2011), Huawei, Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Huawei

Free Essays on Sudan Religion

SUDAN RELIGION III. The Role of Religion Contrary to popular mythology in the West, religion is not and has never been a chief incendiary of the civil war in the South. The Republic of Sudan is largely Muslim, and nowhere are Christians a majority, even in the South. Christians constitute approximately 5% of the total population, and are represented by more than double that percentage in the National Assembly. The religious dispersion in the South is 17% Christian, 18% Muslim, and 65% animist. Since independence, Sudan has never attempted to impose Sharia hudud punishments on Christians or override Christian practice in family law matters such as marriage, divorce, or inheritance. Freedom of religion is further augmented in the 14th Constitutional Decree. It declares: "Freedom of religion, belief, worship rites, dawaa, missionary and preaching activity are guaranteed to all, and no citizen shall be coerced to embrace any religion or creed." No religious test oath is imposed as a condition of holding any public office, unlike in Great Britain where Anglicanism is required of the Royal Family. In sum, the religious freedom decrees fully satisfy the religious plank of the IGAD Declaration of Principles, which provides: "FREEDOM OF BELIEF AND WORSHIP AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICE SHALL BE GUARANTEED IN FULL TO ALL SUDANESE CITIZENS." Freedom of religion in Sudan is celebrated not only in letter, but in spirit. Churches flourish everywhere, and Khartoum is brimming with scores. The Pope and the Archbishop of Canterbury are greeted with universal applause. Churches are frequently situated within blocks of mosques, and Christians and Muslims are integrated in neighborhoods, professional and social clubs, and in a broad array of similar community organizations. There are no religious ghettoes anywhere in Sudanese life. Christians educate their children in public and Christian schools, and the reputation of the latter ... Free Essays on Sudan Religion Free Essays on Sudan Religion SUDAN RELIGION III. The Role of Religion Contrary to popular mythology in the West, religion is not and has never been a chief incendiary of the civil war in the South. The Republic of Sudan is largely Muslim, and nowhere are Christians a majority, even in the South. Christians constitute approximately 5% of the total population, and are represented by more than double that percentage in the National Assembly. The religious dispersion in the South is 17% Christian, 18% Muslim, and 65% animist. Since independence, Sudan has never attempted to impose Sharia hudud punishments on Christians or override Christian practice in family law matters such as marriage, divorce, or inheritance. Freedom of religion is further augmented in the 14th Constitutional Decree. It declares: "Freedom of religion, belief, worship rites, dawaa, missionary and preaching activity are guaranteed to all, and no citizen shall be coerced to embrace any religion or creed." No religious test oath is imposed as a condition of holding any public office, unlike in Great Britain where Anglicanism is required of the Royal Family. In sum, the religious freedom decrees fully satisfy the religious plank of the IGAD Declaration of Principles, which provides: "FREEDOM OF BELIEF AND WORSHIP AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICE SHALL BE GUARANTEED IN FULL TO ALL SUDANESE CITIZENS." Freedom of religion in Sudan is celebrated not only in letter, but in spirit. Churches flourish everywhere, and Khartoum is brimming with scores. The Pope and the Archbishop of Canterbury are greeted with universal applause. Churches are frequently situated within blocks of mosques, and Christians and Muslims are integrated in neighborhoods, professional and social clubs, and in a broad array of similar community organizations. There are no religious ghettoes anywhere in Sudanese life. Christians educate their children in public and Christian schools, and the reputation of the latter ...

Research Paper on Skateboarding

Research Paper on Skateboarding Life is full of adventures and surprises. Being able to find out what you do best is very exciting. Many people work at jobs they hate, and some people live the life of their dreams. Considering that I don’t want to become a person doing something that they dislike for the rest of their lives, I have already found what I love to do and what I will do for the rest of my life. Skateboarding is very challenging, and I always like a challenge. Whether it’s learning a new trick or doing a trick over an obstacle, it’s all challenging. Trying to learn new tricks is hard, but in the end, it is never regretted. Landing new tricks was the most fun; however, it took lots of patience and work. After landing tricks, or just skating around, you start to make new friends. A lot of people notice you if you land a big trick, and then you start to get noticed. Even if you don’t skate big obstacles, you still make friends. Every time I go skate, I prepare myself for the new challenges, tricks, and friends to meet because skateboarding is a way of life. Skating alone is very hard; furthermore, making friends helps a lot. Making friends is a must, and it is very easy. Everybody is pretty much friends with everybody. Age doesn’t matter, because we all have one thing in common, which is skateboarding. No one has to be the same age to have fun with someone else doing the same thing. I have friends that are 7 years old to 30 years old, and neither one is more important than the other; however, sometimes the older skaters can drive you around to other skate spots, but that still does not make anybody more valuable than another. I can just film somebody else, help somebody else, or applause for someone when they land a trick, and a friend is made. Skateboarding brings a lot of people together. Just riding around on your skateboard is fun; however, learning to do some tricks is a lot more fun. That is exactly what I do everyday when I go skating. This makes skating so much more fun. Learning new tricks can be hard, but in the end, it’s very much worth it. When I first started skateboarding, I learned an ollie, which is the very first trick you learn because it is the most basic and is used to learn every other trick. From there, I would just watch skateboard videos and try to learn from the pros. Until I could do a trick, trying to figure out how they did it was the hard part, but when I finally found out how it was done I would become excited and try to land it for hours. Whenever I would land the trick, I’d become very proud of myself and practice the trick more. When you land a trick you have never done before, it forces you to want to learn more. After you learn a trick you can show it to friends and show off if you wanted to. It’s just so much fun to learn new tricks. New tricks can be made up or you can just learn tricks that have already been made. Skateboarding has an endless possibility of tricks to be made. There are just so many variations of one trick, or sometimes you can mix two or more tricks together and you just go crazy with it. When you learn new tricks, you can bring those tricks to new obstacles which make skateboarding even more fun. While learning new tricks, of course, there are harder ones and easy ones. That is what makes skateboarding challenging. Once you learn a trick, you usually will take it up a notch and try it down a bigger stair set, or try a bigger handrail. When you have friends around it helps to get you pumped up; however, sometimes you can get nervous if too many people are around because you don’t want to fall and embarrass yourself, but its all part of skateboarding. I love to try new tricks on new obstacles, because when you land it, feel like you are the best and you can learn anything. The challenge makes it harder; moreover, also makes it more worth it when you land it. If there was no challenge, then it would get boring For instance, once you learn a kickflip, you will be happy that you can land it on the flat ground. Later on, it will get boring, and also get very easy, so then you would try it down maybe a 4 stair. That makes it harder because you have to catch the trick in midai r and keep it underneath your feet. When you land, the impact is much greater; furthermore, you will need more balance when you land and you have to be ready to absorb the impact. Just picking myself up and trying to land the trick over and over makes you want to land it more and when you do, the feeling is indescribable. Anything is possible in skateboarding. I always keep these words in me, â€Å"Where there is a will, there is a way†; because it helps me realize that you can overcome any challenge that is blocking your way. Trying to become the best of your ability is the most fun, yet is also the hardest challenge there is. Just being able to keep making skateboarding harder and giving yourself a challenge once in a while is fun. Discovering skateboarding was the best thing that has ever happened to me. I started skateboarding, because I loved it, and that’s how you progress, loving what you’re doing. The days that I don’t skate I am preparing myself for the effort it takes to pick myself up and try a trick over and over again till I land it. I think when you land a trick, that is what keeps you going in skateboarding; likewise, makes you want to go pro, or make you want to go even further in skateboarding. It makes you go beyond your natural abilities and make friends along the way. Just being able to jump on your board, make new friends, do whatever you want to do, no one telling you what to do or when to do it, and knowing when you land a new trick, you conquered your board, your board didn’t conquer you.

Burkes Contributions to Rhetoric

This paper discusses Kenneth Burkes contributions to rhetoric and its importance as a communicative tool. This paper examines the history of rhetoric and its significance in early Greek and Roman civilizations that coincided with creation of democracy and the importance of public speech. It then shows Kenneth Burkes contribution to the new rhetoric as an argumentative weapon and his influence on the post-modern deconstructionism. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Section One: The Preceding Conversation 3. Section Two: Contribution to the Conversation 4. Section Three: Effect on the Conversation 5. Conclusion From the paper: `The word `rhetoric` has an old fashioned air about it. It calls up images of schoolrooms with children in ruffled collars and Latin grammars and not a laptop in sight for several centuries. But rhetoric is as alive as is language itself, and this paper examines the importance of rhetorical studies in helping each of us to become the best writers and speakers ` the best communicators ` that we can be. A historical study of changes models and standards in rhetoric can also provide us not only with a sense of how linguistic and especially English style has changed over the years as well as illuminating how our conception of language and its structure and function have changed as well. This paper engages in such an examination by focusing on the work of Kenneth Burke. We begin with a brief overview of the life of this man whose rhetorical work we will then examine.`

How does online shoppers' behaviour differ from traditional shoppers Essay - 1

How does online shoppers' behaviour differ from traditional shoppers - Essay Example of terms 30 Investigative report Abstract Shopping is a part of everyday’s life. Some fulfils their necessities from shopping while some get something more from shopping. It is viewed as releasing the stress and a way for completing some desire in mind or a way for adding flavour to the mechanical way of life. There are two types of shopping in general, traditional shopping and online shopping. Both of them have merits and demerits respectively. Now-a-days, large number of people goes for shopping by means of internet. This has been possible due to the prevalence of computer. The trend of online shopping came with the booming of internet. Thousands of items are reflected on the screen by clicking in one word. This does not require roaming across a long road through the hustling crowds for getting a pair of items. What is required is to have a click on the keyboard and the goods will be delivered on the spot. The advent of internet has an impact in our everyday lives in all way s like the manner we communicate to the way we shop. The increase in sophisticated technology in the 21st century has made everything virtually possible like purchase of an outfit of Armani who has been wearing pyjamas which was once seemed as an outlandish idea. The starts of retailing on web from sometime in the middle to late 1990s have given rise to the debate of online vs. traditional shopping. This debate is still ongoing. Though shoppers have thronged the shopping centres, as it is done in internet but still the question remains as to whether everything will be conquered by online shopping or the survival of traditional shopping will remain in the increasing trend of e-shopping. Introduction The rising debate of online shopping vs. traditional shopping can be viewed from the angle of considering the pros and cons of traditional and online shopping. The main advantage of online shopping is that it eliminates the need to make a drive to somewhere for purchasing something. So, t here arises no frustration to deal with parking problems and traffic. Besides, in case of traditional shopping, half of the petrol is consumed while going for shopping. With rise in prices of petrol, the cost of shopping also increases. This money is however saved in case of online shopping. The money needed to be paid in case of online shopping is enough to purchase few gifts or items. The precious time is saved by way of online shopping. In the busy lives lead by us these days, anything that can contribute towards saving in time can prove as a boon. While shopping online, it takes only a minute to log on to internet and to access the website of store as per choice (Khosrowpour, 2006, pp.30-31). Further, it can take only ten to fifteen minutes for selecting the items to be purchased, again further five minutes for filling information about payment and to get a print of receipt. All total, it will take only thirty minutes to complete the shopping. This facility of saving in time can provide quality time to be spent with the kids and an extra time to watch movies. Literature review Difference between online and traditional shopping Again, online shopping provides a sense of ease and comfort against traditional shopping which requires running in high streets and hunting for the things required. The difference between traditional and o

Behavioral, Cognitive, and Constructivist Theories of Learning Essay

Behavioral, Cognitive, and Constructivist Theories of Learning - Essay Example Learning has always played an important role in the lives of human beings. It is only because of learning that human kind is able to enter the recent boosting of technological development. For learning, human kind has always developed certain methodologies and learning theories that can be employed for successful learning. The learning theories that are quite well known are behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism. Learning can be assessed by the transformation of a person, which is considered by all the above mentioned theories. The learning theories of behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism regard knowledge as acquirable and identify various ways with the help of which, a person is able to learn in this world. This paper takes into consideration the critical features of behavioral, constructivist and cognitive theories of learning. According to the learning theory of behaviorism, the knowledge that a person keeps or attains by means of experience or rationality can be assessed by means of change of behavior (Gredler, 2005). When a person attains knowledge, his/her behavior changes with the acquisition of knowledge. The behaviorism philosophy can be defined as a philosophy that deals with the transformation of behavior as an indication of learning (Vaill, 1996). Therefore, in behaviorism learning theory deals with the transformation of behavior of an individual as a sign of his/her learning. Learning theory of behaviorism regards learning as wholly external. The behaviorist theory of teaching is more concerned to theoretical knowledge and the teacher divides the learning tasks into chunks and then instructs the students to learn the divided tasks one by one (Vaill, 1996). The teachers’ skills are needed in terms of direct teaching in the behaviorist theory. The students are not only taught but they are also asked to do practice that

E-loyalty and Customer relationship management Essay

E-loyalty and Customer relationship management - Essay Example Some sole proprietors use online programs in targeting nationwide and global customers by using accurate information regarding the business and the use consumer programs such as credit card reward programs as a strategy in keeping their loyal customers satisfied. It is common that these reward systems are tailored according to the needs and expectations of the customers. Business-to-business (B2B) or e-biz is an effective tool in the exchange of products, services, and information between business and consumers. Over the years, B2B has proven to be very effective in closing business transactions between the business owner and the customers. According to a study that was published back in early 2000, the profitability of using B2B has exceeded the ‘e-tailing’ by 10 to 1% and is expected to have an annual growth of 41% over the next few years. (Jones, 2001) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a ‘software’ that helps a business organization in managing its customers better. (Walsh, 2007) CRM software enables the sales people and service representatives to have a quick access over the information related to the customers. This allows the sales force of the company to immediately provide the customers with a more customized service according to the customers’ needs regarding the products and services the business is offering. (Williams, 2006) According to Kumar and Reinartz (2006), CRM is defined as a strategic process of selecting the customers a firm can most profitably serve. It is also capable of shaping the interactions between a company and these customers with the goal of optimising the current and future value of the customers for the company. (Kumar and Reinartz 2006, 6) Based on the definition, CRM is a process of enterprise-wide that has the potential to affect decisions related to marketing communications, pricing, customisation of products and services, resource allocation across different customers

Team Working Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Team Working - Essay Example In this chapter, I will reflect and narrate the experiences in working in a team. Our team had five members, so a cross-cultural diversity was present since I and another person is from Qatar while the rest are from Egypt, Seychelles, and China. Next sections provide a discussion of various issues that we faced when we had to work together and participate in an exhibition for organization change. One of the first tasks for the team was to distribute various duties and activities that each had to take up individually, and contributions from each individual would form the contents for the exhibition. Thrust (2012) speaks of the importance of having a clear structure for the team, identifying resources and tasks and the need to have a team leader. Some of the identified tasks were appointing the team leader, schedule meetings, writing down the minutes of the meeting, identifying resources needed for the exhibition, taking up research to collate the content and integrating all the result s from the individual efforts. I was elected as the team leader, and we decided on various subjects and themes needed for the exhibition. Since conducting research was the main activity, we distributed the research topics among ourselves. The team member from Seychelles was given the task of writing down the meetings while the member from Egypt was given the task of coordinating with other members. Next sections present my reflections on different issues and challenges.

Analysis of attention defect disorder in children of usa Essay

Analysis of attention defect disorder in children of usa - Essay Example These three symptoms are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention though the degree to which each of these symptoms may vary2. Inattention leads to serious difficulties in focusing one's attention on one single object: a few minutes are enough for such people to get bored with a task. Any activity, which requires deliberate, conscious attention or mental organization to effectively cope with a task, is difficult, sometimes impossible to people with ADHD. Hyperactivity results in failure to maintain calm during any long period of time. Squirming the sear, roaming around the class, wiggling feet, touching everything within the reach, doing several things at once suddenly bouncing from one activity to another - these behavioral patterns are common to hyperactive children and adolescents. And finally, impulsivity manifests in inability to control the immediate reactions and think before acting. Impulsivity makes behavior impossible to predict: interruptions of speech, word salad; runn ing into the roadway without looking around first; sharpened irritability are most common signs of impulsive behavior3. Although no direct visible correlation has been confirmed to exist between ADHD and mortality, studies suggest that ADHD is a serious risk factor that often leads to s

E-loyalty and Customer relationship management Essay

E-loyalty and Customer relationship management - Essay Example Some sole proprietors use online programs in targeting nationwide and global customers by using accurate information regarding the business and the use consumer programs such as credit card reward programs as a strategy in keeping their loyal customers satisfied. It is common that these reward systems are tailored according to the needs and expectations of the customers. Business-to-business (B2B) or e-biz is an effective tool in the exchange of products, services, and information between business and consumers. Over the years, B2B has proven to be very effective in closing business transactions between the business owner and the customers. According to a study that was published back in early 2000, the profitability of using B2B has exceeded the ‘e-tailing’ by 10 to 1% and is expected to have an annual growth of 41% over the next few years. (Jones, 2001) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a ‘software’ that helps a business organization in managing its customers better. (Walsh, 2007) CRM software enables the sales people and service representatives to have a quick access over the information related to the customers. This allows the sales force of the company to immediately provide the customers with a more customized service according to the customers’ needs regarding the products and services the business is offering. (Williams, 2006) According to Kumar and Reinartz (2006), CRM is defined as a strategic process of selecting the customers a firm can most profitably serve. It is also capable of shaping the interactions between a company and these customers with the goal of optimising the current and future value of the customers for the company. (Kumar and Reinartz 2006, 6) Based on the definition, CRM is a process of enterprise-wide that has the potential to affect decisions related to marketing communications, pricing, customisation of products and services, resource allocation across different customers

Analysis of attention defect disorder in children of usa Essay

Analysis of attention defect disorder in children of usa - Essay Example These three symptoms are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention though the degree to which each of these symptoms may vary2. Inattention leads to serious difficulties in focusing one's attention on one single object: a few minutes are enough for such people to get bored with a task. Any activity, which requires deliberate, conscious attention or mental organization to effectively cope with a task, is difficult, sometimes impossible to people with ADHD. Hyperactivity results in failure to maintain calm during any long period of time. Squirming the sear, roaming around the class, wiggling feet, touching everything within the reach, doing several things at once suddenly bouncing from one activity to another - these behavioral patterns are common to hyperactive children and adolescents. And finally, impulsivity manifests in inability to control the immediate reactions and think before acting. Impulsivity makes behavior impossible to predict: interruptions of speech, word salad; runn ing into the roadway without looking around first; sharpened irritability are most common signs of impulsive behavior3. Although no direct visible correlation has been confirmed to exist between ADHD and mortality, studies suggest that ADHD is a serious risk factor that often leads to s

Microbial Transformation of Steroids Essay Example for Free

Microbial Transformation of Steroids Essay Abstract Hydroxylations are possibly the most widespread type of steroid bioconversion. Hydroxylations can be used to buildintermediates for further chemical synthesis to provide the steroid molecule with the adequate structure for therapeutic applications. Microorganisms able to hydroxylate steroids in positions C1 to C21 and in position C26 have been reported. 11 ÃŽ ± hydroxylation is regarded as essential for anti-inflammatory action. Present study was promoted to extend the investigations to evaluate potentiality of this local oil contaminated soil isolates for transformation of progesterone. Enrichment is carried out in the inorganic medium providing progesterone as an only carbon source. Metabolites are identified by GC/MS and isolates by 16 s rRNA. 11 ÃŽ ± hydroxyprogesterone is the metabolite identified having 60 percent of yield. and Bacillus circulans Tex 01-S3c has been found most efficient strain. Key words: Hydroxylation of Progesterone, oil contaminated, Bacillus circulans Tex 01-S3c, INTRODUCTION Application of molecular biology techniques and genetic engineering of microorganisms for their improvement as steroid transforming agents are the areas of drug development. Site selection oxygenation, particularly hydroxylation of exogenous steroids is frequent in bacteria genera Bacillus. Several microbial bioconversion of steroids and sterols have been reported, focusing mainly on steroid hydroxylations, ∆1-dehydrogenation and sterol side-chain cleavage. These biotransformations, mostly associated to chemical synthesis steps, have provided adequate tools for the large scale production of natural or modified steroid analogues. The complex structure of the steroid molecule requires complicated, multi-step schemes for the chemical synthesis of steroid compounds. Microbial steroid conversions are performed in mild temperature and pressure conditions and can provide an efficient alternative to chemical synthesis. Screening and isolation of active microbial strains for steroid bioconversion is presently an important part of the research and development effort in the steroid drug industry. Oil contaminated soil is a rich source of variety of bacteria capable of biotransformations and degradations of complex chemicals. MATERIAL AND METHODS 1 gm of oil contaminated soil from different local places was added in the sterile 9 ml saline and 1 ml from this is added in the sterile progesterone liquid enrichment medium (KH2PO4, Na2HPO4. 12 H2O, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4. 7 H2O, CaCl2. 6H2O, FeSO4. 7 H2O, pH 7) providing progesterone as a only carbon source. As progesterone is not soluble in water, it was dissolved in acetone (50 mg / ml). The flasks are incubated at 300 C for 7 days. Regular microscopic observation and turbidity checking carried out. By serial dilution techniques 0.1 ml was spread on the nutrient agar plates and well isolated colonies are studied for biotransformation potential. The medium of composition (g/liter): glucose, 40.0; peptone, 1.0; KH2PO4 0.74; MgSO4. 7H2O, 1.0; Yeast extract, 1.0 and asparagine, 0.7, pH was adjusted to 7 used for transformation. The cultivation was performed in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks each containing 50 ml medium. The flasks were sterilized and inoculated with 2 ml inoculum of 24 hr cultures of the pure organism. The culture flasks were incubated on incubator shaker at 34Â ° C for 48 hr. Thereafter, 50 mg of progesterone, dissolved in 1 ml acetone, was added to each flask and fermentation was continued for another 72 hr. At the end of fermentation, metabolites are analyzed by GC/MS. The efficient bacterium identified by 16S rRNA. Standardization of parameters like temperature, pH, incubation period, carried out spectrophotometrically. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 11 ÃŽ ± hydroxyprogesterone is the metabolite identified having 60 percent of yield. Bacillus circulans Tex 01-S3c is the efficient bacterium identified. Temperature 340 C, pH 6.5, incubation period 60 hours are the optimum parameters for maximum yield. REFRENCES 1. Al-Awadi, S., Afzal, M. and Oommen, S. (2003) Studies on Bacillus stearothermophilus. Part III. Transformation of testosterone. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 62 , pp. 48-52. 2. Garai S, Banerjee S, Mahato SB (1995). Selective 1-dehydrogenation of progesterone by Aspergillus fumigatus. J Chem Res (Suppl): 408-409. 3. Fernandes, P., Cruz, A., Angelova, B., Pinheiro, H. and Cabral, J. (2003) Microbial conversion of steroid compounds: recent developments. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 32 , pp. 688-705 4. Mahato, S.B. and S. Garai, 1997. Advances in microbial steroid biotransformation. Steroids, 62:332-345. 5. Sameera Al-Awadi, M.A. Fzal and S. Oommen, 2001. Studies on Bacillus stearithermophilus part Transformation of progesterone to a new metabolites 9,10-seco-4-pregnene-3,9,20-trione, Journal of steroid biochemistry and Molecular biology; 78: 493-498. 6. Smith, KF and Kirk, DN (1989) Microbial transformation of steroids-II. Transformations of progesterone, testosterone an d androstenedione by Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 32 , pp. 445-451

Project Construction Management Plan

Project Construction Management Plan Dear VU Pty. Ltd., RE: Construction Management Services I refer to your advertisement regarding the delivery of construction management services, as tendered online on 8th March 2017 and thus desire to express our interest in executing the expected objectives of the project. Best builders and management services had been established in the year 2005 and for the past 12 years, we have been basically engaged in managing and delivering projects. Our familiarity with your preferences and objectives is totally unparalleled thus making Best builders and management services team an immediate asset to the VU Development complex project. The experience, expertise and competency of Best builders and management services will indefinitely ensure a successful project termination which will undoubtedly be executed within the prescribed budget and time period. Below mentioned are our prime strengths that perfectly favor your proposed project: Sound knowledge and strong track record of planning, initiating and executing projects within the prescribed budget and time Diverse experience in the development of high rise buildings The same project team has been working on similar kind of projects since the establishment of Best builders and management services Team coordination and mutual understanding of individual roles and responsibilities in delivering a successful project We as a team are pretty confident that the quality of our experienced professional staff will indefinitely lead to VU development complex project a success. And hence, we all are excited about the opportunity to work with your organization for the execution of this project. I thus look forward to discuss this with you further. Yours sincerely, Glenn Maxwell Project Director Best Builders and management services 1. Introduction of our firm Best Builders management services is privately owned professional firm providing design, construction and management services. The firm was established in 2002 in Melbourne CBD with a view to take after the most elevated proficient norms. Regardless of whether a venture is expansive or little the experts at BBMS work with the steadiness and responsibility to fulfill customer needs with the mix of involvement, expert aptitudes and the innovative use of ideas. Our operation started in 2005 with the motivation behind giving assortment of services on request of its first significant client. We have been included in outline and development of numerous medium ascend and elevated structures in Melbourne. With more than 25 profoundly devoted lasting staffs and different partners give an incorporated way to deal with multidisciplinary designing and construction projects. 1.1 Capability BBMS has a reputation of over 12 years in the field of building design, construction and management services for local and worldwide projects. We have offices and extensive building assets and experience to give point by point designing outline, development and consultancy administrations for compositional, basic, electrical, mechanical and sterile designing plan. Our dedication and diligent work to rehearse imaginative strategies has helped BBMS to set new guidelines and values. We have highly qualified groups of designers, engineers, construction teams, project and risk managers. At BBMS the hard-working attitude is alive. The experts drew in here are completely devoted to give the absolute best yield at least conceivable cost. Best builders and management services has undertaken many large scale and challenging projects in the past years which gives us the confidence to undertake your proposed project. Relevant services, Best builders and management services has been involved with: 1.2 Past successful projects Assignment name: Construction of 35 Spring street Country: Australia Location: Melbourne Address: 35 Springs Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Professional Staff Provided: Architects, Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Sanitary Engineers and HVAC Engineers Number of staff: 17 Client: Colliers International Start Date: March 2014 Finish Date: February 2017 Duration: 35 months Name of Senior Staff: Romil Team Leader / Civil engineer, Construction manager (28 years industry experience) Shreysha Head of Architecture (25 years industry experience) Vani Sanitary Coordinator (23 years industry experience) Simar HVAC Designer (20 years industry experience) Estefania Senior Structural Engineer, Construction manager (24 years industry experience) Jack Senior Electrical Engineer (20 years industry experience) Description of Project: The project is the construction of the 35 Spring street apartment building. The Complex is 45 stories high (166m), with a construction budget of $350,000,000 with a 35 month build time Assignment name: The construction of Vision Apartments Country: Australia Location: Melbourne Address: 500 Elizabeth street Melbourne VIC 3000 Professional Staff Provided: Architects, Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Sanitary Engineers and HVAC Engineers Number of staff: 25 Client: Visions Apartments Start Date: September 2010 Finish Date: December 2013 Duration: 39 Months Name of Senior Staff: Romil Team Leader / Civil engineer, Construction manager (28 years industry experience) Shreysha Head of Architecture (25 years industry experience) Vani Sanitary Coordinator (23 years industry experience) Simar HVAC Designer (20 years industry experience) Estefania Senior Structural Engineer, Construction manager (24 years industry experience) Jack Senior Electrical Engineer (20 years industry experience) Description of Project: The project is the construction of the Visions Apartments complex in Melbourne. The structure is 69 stories high (223m) and has a construction budget of $500,000,000 with a construction time of 39 months Assignment name: Construction of Optus Centre Melbourne Country: Australia Location: Melbourne Address:367 Collins street Melbourne VIC 3000 Professional Staff Provided:Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Sanitary Engineers and HVAC Engineers Number of staff: 14 Client: Optus Start Date: April 2011 Finish Date:September 2013 Duration: 30 Months Name of Senior Staff: Romil Team Leader / Civil engineer, Construction manager (28 years industry experience) Shreysha Head of Architecture (25 years industry experience) Vani Sanitary Coordinator (23 years industry experience) Simar HVAC Designer (20 years industry experience) Estefania Senior Structural Engineer, Construction manager (24 years industry experience) Jack Senior Electrical Engineer (20 years industry experience) Description of Project: This project consists of the construction of the Optus centre in Melbourne. The structure is 34 stories and has a budget of $300,000,000 with a construction time of 30 months. Assignment name: Construction of The International Tower 1, NSW, Sydney Country: Australia Location: New South Wales Address: 200, Barangaroo Avenue, Sydney NSW 200 Professional Staff Provided: Architects, Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Sanitary Engineers and HVAC Engineers Number of staff: 13 Client: ITS development Start Date: 2016 Finish Date: 2012 Duration: 40 months Name of Senior Staff: Romil Team Leader / Civil engineer, Construction manager (28 years industry experience) Shreysha Head of Architecture (25 years industry experience) Vani Sanitary Coordinator (23 years industry experience) Simar HVAC Designer (20 years industry experience) Estefania Senior Structural Engineer, Construction manager (24 years industry experience) Jack Senior Electrical Engineer (20 years industry experience) Description of Project: The project is the construction of the International Tower 01 office and residential building. The Complex is 49 stories high (712f), with a construction budget of $49,000,000 with a 40 month build time Assignment name: Construction of Freshwater place North Melbourne Country: Australia Location: Melbourne Address:1 Queens Bridge Square Melbourne VIC 3000 Professional Staff Provided: Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Sanitary Engineers and HVAC Engineers Number of staff: 16 Client: Freshwater Place apartments Start Date: 2002 Finish Date: 2005 Duration: 36 Months Name of Senior Staff: Romil Team Leader / Civil engineer, Construction manager (28 years industry experience) Shreysha Head of Architecture (25 years industry experience) Vani Sanitary Coordinator (23 years industry experience) Simar HVAC Designer (20 years industry experience) Estefania Senior Structural Engineer, Construction manager (24 years industry experience) Jack Senior Electrical Engineer (20 years industry experience) Description of Project: This project consists of the construction of the Freshwater Place apartments in North Melbourne. The structure is 63 (673f) stories and has a budget of $295,000,000 with a construction time of 38 months. 1.3 Project objectives Deliver a successful and profitable project Prepare complete design for the proposed construction work Prepare cost estimate and review the viability and feasibility of these works in terms of cost, time and quality Carry out complete construction supervision during construction stage Ensure that the work is carried out in a timely manner Ensure that the project is implemented in accordance with the conditions of the contract Ensure that the cost of construction is controlled without exceeding the allocated budget Prepare monthly reports regarding the progress of the works and the conditions of site, investigate the obstacles and recommend practical remedies. 2. Project description: The proposed VU development complex is to be constructed in the CBD area of Melbourne. The site is located at 364 and 372 Lt Lonsdale St. Currently, both sites (364 and 372 Lt Lonsdale St) are occupied with single and double storied vacant buildings made up of bricks. The site of the proposed building is bounded by roads and properties on four sides. A road runs between existing site marking the boundary for 364 and 372 Lt Lonsdale St on the eastern and western side respectively. The shape of the site is regular and the area is about approx. 1935 m2 including the dividing roads. 32 storied complex has been proposed on the site for office use. The conceptual design consists of 4 basements for parking and numbers of plant rooms required for the complex. Ground floor is designed for retail purpose. The street level floors will be fully landscaped and will have limited area of retail and entertainment areas. The cost of the building is estimated to be around $120 million including financial charges and cost escalation. The total development period is 30 months including three phases (design, permits and construction). ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES TO BE ADOPTED WHILE EXECUTION Construction management plan Construction supervision and management aims at the accomplishment of the construction as per the contract agreement. Construction work can be imagined to be having two parts, namely manpower and material mobilization It basically consists in the provision of a competent team of supervisors who can for see the requirement of a particular quantity of the material and manpower in the different stages of the works The list of jobs to be done are as follows Quality assurance and timely performance of the works Check and approve time and construction schedule, drawings, data and samples submitted by contractor Maintains accounts of construction Inform the management at a specific period on the status of the project in terms of cost, time and performance (daily reports, monthly progress report, site meetings report and final reports). Preparation of project completion report Project handover Final acceptance certificate Quality assurance procedures We have proposed a team of experts with highest professional skills in order to maintain the quality works of the project. The design and drawings will be carried out as per the relevant codes. Final drawings of design and detailing will be freeze prior to the initiation of the construction phase. Preparation of cost estimate, bill of quantity and specifications will be done by experienced professional and will further be checked by senior personnel. Specification will specify the constructions methodology and details of materials to be used in the project to avoid low quality materials and poor workmanship. Risk management plan In the construction industry, every project is prone to some risks that affects the work progress. In order to avoid its impact, risk should be identified and manage beforehand to achieve the project objectives in terms of cost, time and quality. Our company has gained experience in mitigating the risks and delivering the past projects successfully. For VU development complex we will identify, analyze, evaluate and prepare a mitigation plan according to the standards (IEC/ISO 31000:2009). Communication management plan To carry out the project in an effective manner a proper system of information will be developed to avoid miscommunication between Client and the consultants. It will keep the parties up-to-date regarding the work progress. In order to complete the proposed project successfully within the stipulate time frame, extensive interaction will be carried out with the client. Health and safety plans Management is determined to implement safety in all activities on site and action to eliminate risks related with health and welfare of the stakeholders. We will provide a safe working environment, facilities for the welfare of workers, information, instruction, training and supervision necessary to ensure the safety of workers from injury and health risks We will improve our performance through effective safety management Each worker has to follow safe work practice to avoid injury to themselves, others as well as plants and equipment. FEES PROPOSAL: Project Managers And other Personnel Fee per hour Rate per year Total Fees Personnel Assignment % Construction Manager $179 $483K $1.2M 18% Project Director $140 $378K $945K 14% Structural engineer $120 $324K $810K 12% Sanitary coordinator $111 $299K $747K 11% HVAC designer $103 $278k $695K 11% Senior civil engineer $118 $318K $795K 12% Senior electrical engineer $109 $294k $735K 11% External consultants x 4 $100 $270k $675K 10% Total Fee Proposal $6.6M 100% Deliverable Acceptance Criteria Project definition and detailed schedule Our definition of the project must align with customers task brief Permits to be approved (VIC government, Melbourne city council, traffic management, demolition, environmental) All permits are approved Cost model estimates for hired labour All costs have been assessed and approved Risk management evaluation All risks have been assessed and a risk management plan has been commissioned Procurement costs (Steel, hardware etc.) All costs have been assessed and approved Consultation with stakeholders who may affect the project All concerns of the stakeholders have been addressed before the project begins Project management plan (PMP) The PMP must describe what the project will do, as well as how and when it will be done Status reporting The status of the project is compared to planned deadlines Execution phase Each construction period is executed and signed off Project closure Once the project has been successfully completed DELIVERABLES: Appendices Roles and Responsibilities Designation Responsibilities Chief Operating Officer-CEO Executing BBMSs vision and mission Working with investors and sponsors Quality Assurance / Quality Control Division Stating quality control procedures Supervising quality inspections General Manager-GM Handling projects at the state level Supervision of Construction Managers on different projects Account and Finance Department Managing all Financial aspects Audits Implementing cost control Prepare financial reports Safety Committee Analysing and Implementing safety on sites Define safety procedures Safety training Construction Manager- CM Accountable for all field activities Supervising overall project Outlining construction methods Procurement Manager Preparation of all contractual documents Administration and control of contracts Project Manager- PM Project planning, monitoring and controlling Collaborate with client representative for any changes in action plan Managing activities with time, cost and quality constraints Curriculum vitae ESTEFANIA VELASQUEZ GONZALEZ Civil Engineer Best Builders and Management Services L18, 242 Exhibition Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 www.bbms.com.au Education Victoria University-Master of Project Management 2003 Victoria University University-Bachelor of Civil Engineering 1997 Recent Projects Senior Structural Engineer, Construction manager 35 Spring St Building (2014-2017) Melbourne, Australia The International Tower 1 (2012-2016) Sydney, Australia Vision Apartments (2010-2013) Melbourne, Australia Optus Centre (2011-2013) Melbourne, Australia Fresh Water Place (2002-2005) Melbourne, Australia SIMARJOT SINGH Mechanical Engineer Best Builders and Management Services L18, 242 Exhibition Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 www.bbms.com.au Education Victoria University-Master of Project Management 2003 Victoria University-Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering 2000 Recent Project HVAC Designer 35 Spring St Building (2014-2017) Melbourne, Australia The International Tower 1 (2012-2016) Sydney, Australia Vision Apartments (2010-2013) Melbourne, Australia Optus Centre (2011-2013) Melbourne, Australia Fresh Water Place (2002-2005) Melbourne, Australia KALEIVANI GOVINDA GOUNDEN Electrical Engineer Best Builders and Management Services L18, 242 Exhibition Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 www.bbms.com.au Education RMIT University-Master of Project Management 2002 Bachelor of Electrical Engineering and Automation 1999 Recent Project Sanitary Coordinator 35 Spring St Building (2014-2017) Melbourne, Australia The International Tower 1 (2012-2016) Sydney, Australia Vision Apartments (2010-2013) Melbourne, Australia Optus Centre (2011-2013) Melbourne, Australia Fresh Water Place (2002-2005) Melbourne, Australia ROMIL MISTRY Civil Engineer Best Builders and Management Services L18, 242 Exhibition Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 www.bbms.com.au Education Victoria University-Master of Construction Management 2002 Victoria University University-Bachelor of Civil Engineering 1996 Recent Project Civil engineer, Construction manager 35 Spring St Building (2014-2017) Melbourne, Australia The International Tower 1 (2012-2016) Sydney, Australia Vision Apartments (2010-2013) Melbourne, Australia Optus Centre (2011-2013) Melbourne, Australia Fresh Water Place (2002-2005) Melbourne, Australia SHREYSHA SHRESTHA Architect Best Builders and Management Services L18, 242 Exhibition Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 www.bbms.com.au Education Victoria University-Master of Project Management-2003 Bachelor of Architecture-2000 Recent Project Head of Architecture 35 Spring St Building (2014-2017) Melbourne, Australia The International Tower 1 (2012-2016) Sydney, Australia Vision Apartments (2010-2013) Melbourne, Australia Optus Centre (2011-2013) Melbourne, Australia Fresh Water Place (2002-2005) Melbourne, Australia JACK FRANCIS HICKEY Electrical Engineer Best Builders and Management Services L18, 242 Exhibition Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 www.bbms.com.au Education Victoria University-Master of Construction Management 2003 Victoria University-Bachelor of Electrical Engineer 2000 Recent Project Senior Electrical Engineer 35 Spring St Building (2014-2017) Melbourne, Australia The International Tower 1 (2012-2016) Sydney, Australia Vision Apartments (2010-2013) Melbourne, Australia Optus Centre (2011-2013) Melbourne, Australia Fresh Water Place (2002-2005) Melbourne, Australia

Sociotechnical Systems and Management Styles Essay -- Technology Work

Sociotechnical Systems and Management Styles In today’s advanced technological workplace, companies are looking into several new management styles and concepts. Among them is a theory called sociotechnical systems (STS). This is a theory that has been around for about 50 years and is still being attempted for use today. Many managers along with one member of the STS founding team, Fred Emery, argue that STS is obsolete; other managers have implemented STS with great success. With this new style of management practice, several changes will have to take place. These changes along with several examples of both positive and negative effects will be examined throughout this essay. To introduce the STS theory and let the reader get an understanding of just what is involved in STS, it is imperative to list several changes that must take place for an effective STS strategy to work. A few changes in the old management style in comparison with STS are listed below: 1 Old -Technology first -People as extensions of machines -Maximum task breakdown, simple, narrow skills -External controls: procedures, supervisors, specialist staffs -More organization levels, autocratic style: unilateral goal setting, assignment of workers -Frequent alienation: â€Å"It’s only a job† -Less individual development opportunity and employment security STS -Joint optimization of systems -People as complements to machines -Optimal task grouping, multiple, broad skills -Internal controls: self-regulating subsystems -Fewer levels, participative style: Bilateral goal setting -Commitment: â€Å"It’s my job, group, and organization† -More individual development opportunity and employment security As seen above, many changes are nece... ...John Hoerr and Michael Pollock. â€Å"Management Discovers the Human Side of Automation.† Taken from Business Week. (1986), p. 1 http://organizationdesign.com/pages/articles2/auto.html 10 John Hoerr and Michael Pollock. â€Å"Management Discovers the Human Side of Automation.† Taken from Business Week. (1986), p. 2 http://organizationdesign.com/pages/articles2/auto.html 11 John Hoerr and Michael Pollock. â€Å"Management Discovers the Human Side of Automation.† Taken from Business Week. (1986), p. 1 http://organizationdesign.com/pages/articles2/auto.html 12 Pasmore, William. Designing Effective Organizations: The Sociotechnical Systems Perspective. New York: 1998. 13 Jacobs, D.A. and Keating C.B. â€Å"Process Analysis and Personnel Development Program. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA, April 1998. 14 Zell, Deone. Changing by Design. Cornell University Press, 2000.